Aperture: A space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument. The variable opening by which light enters a camera.
Depth of field: The distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.
Exposure: The amount of light that will contact the photographic film or image sensor during the taking of a photograph.
Framing: A photographic technique that focuses the attention of the viewer.
Composition: The positioning of everything in the photo, people, background, objects Very important in taking portrait photographs particularly.
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